Introduction to Statistics

 

Lesson 1: What is Statistics?

·        Introduction to the field of statistics:

Statistics is a branch of mathematics that deals with the collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation, and organization of data. It provides a framework for making inferences and drawing conclusions from data, helping to understand patterns, relationships, and trends in various phenomena. It plays a crucial role in various fields, including science, business, economics, social sciences, medicine, and more. The field of statistics is fundamental to scientific research, decision-making in business and industry, government policy formulation, and numerous other areas where data-driven insights are crucial.

 

History:

The history of statistics dates back to ancient times, with the earliest forms of data collection and analysis emerging in various civilizations. The earliest known use of statistical methods can be traced back to ancient civilizations such as Babylon, Egypt, and China. These societies conducted censuses to gather information for administrative and economic purposes. In the past, statistics was all about “collection” of data. Also, the goal was to maintain the data for the welfare of the everyone in the area.

Sir Ronald A. Fisher (1890-1962) known as father of Statistics. He was a British statistician, evolutionary biologist, and geneticist who made significant contributions to the development of statistical methods. Fisher played a key role in the establishment of modern statistical theory and methodology during the early to mid-20th century.

While Fisher is often referred to as the father of statistics, it's important to note that statistics as a field has evolved over time with contributions from many statisticians and mathematicians. Other notable figures in the history of statistics include Karl Pearson, Jerzy Neyman, C. R. Rao, and Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis (Known as Father of Statistics in India), among others. Each of these individuals has made important contributions to the development of statistical theory and methods.

 

World Statistics day is celebrated on 20 October.

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